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Exponential Decay
Negative Exponents
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 4
Evaluating Expressions Involving Fractions
The Cartesian Coordinate System
Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators
Solving Absolute Value Inequalities
Multiplying Special Polynomials
FOIL Method
Inequalities
Solving Systems of Equations by Graphing
Graphing Compound Inequalities
Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
Addition Property of Equality
Square Roots
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
The Distance Formula
Graphing Logarithmic Functions
Fractions
Dividing Mixed Numbers
Evaluating Polynomials
Power of a Product Property of Exponents
Terminology of Algebraic Expressions
Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions with Identical Denominators
Solving Exponential Equations
Factoring The Difference of 2 Squares
Changing Fractions to Decimals
Solving Linear Equations
Using Patterns to Multiply Two Binomials
Completing the Square
Roots of Complex Numbers
Methods for Solving Quadratic Equations
Conics in Standard Form
Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula
Simplifying Fractions 2
Exponential Notation
Exponential Growth
The Cartesian Plane
Graphing Linear Functions
The Slope of a Line
Finding Cube Roots of Large Numbers
Rotating Axes
Common Mistakes With Percents
Solving an Equation That Contains a Square Root
Rational Equations
Properties of Common Logs
Composition of Functions
Using Percent Equations
Solving Inequalities
Properties of Exponents
Graphing Quadratic Functions
Factoring a Polynomial by Finding the GCF
The Rectangular Coordinate System
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers
Properties of Exponents
Complex Solutions of Quadratic Equations
Solving Nonlinear Equations by Factoring
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
Least Common Multiples
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Solving Exponential Equations
Solving Linear Equations
Multiplication Property of Equality
Multiplying Mixed Numbers
Multiplying Fractions
Reducing a Rational Expression to Lowest Terms
Literal Numbers
Factoring Trinomials
Logarithmic Functions
Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators
Simplifying Square Roots
Adding Fractions
Equations Quadratic in Form
Dividing Rational Expressions
Slopes of Parallel Lines
Simplifying Cube Roots That Contain Variables
Functions and Graphs
Complex Numbers
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 1
Composition of Functions
Intercepts of a Line
Powers
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Multiplying Two Numbers with the same Tens Digit and whose Ones Digits add up to 10
Factoring Trinomials
Exponents and Polynomials
Decimals and their Equivalent Fractions
Negative Integer Exponents
Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers
Solving Quadratic Equations
Theorem of Pythagoras
Equations 1
Subtracting Fractions
Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing
Evaluating Polynomials
Slope
Angles and Degree Measure
   
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Complex Numbers

Real numbers and imaginary numbers are each examples of complex numbers.

For example, we can combine the real number 5 and the imaginary number 4i to form the complex number, 5 + 4i.

 

Definition — Complex Number

A complex number is a number that can be written in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and

• The real number a is called the real part of the complex number.

• The real number b is called the imaginary part of the complex number.

 

Note:

  • In the complex number a + bi, the imaginary part is b, not bi.
  • In a complex number a + bi, a and b can be any real numbers, including zero.
Here are some examples of complex numbers:
Complex Number

a + bi

-8 + 12i

15 - 7i

6 + 0i

0 - 2i

Real Part

a

-8

15

6

0

Imaginary Part

b

12

-7

0

-2

 

A complex number whose imaginary part, b, is 0, is called a real number.

For example, the complex number 6 + 0i can be written as 6. The number 6 is a real number.

This means that the real numbers are a subset of the complex numbers.

All real numbers are complex numbers of the form a + 0i.

Note:

All real numbers are complex numbers. However, not all complex numbers are real numbers.

 

A complex number whose imaginary part, b, is not 0, is called an imaginary number.

For example, the complex number 6 + 4i is an imaginary number.

The imaginary numbers are a subset of the complex numbers.

A complex number whose real part, a, is 0, is called a pure imaginary number.

For example, the complex number 0 - 2i can be written as -2i. The number -2i is a pure imaginary number.

Next we will study the arithmetic of complex numbers. That is, we will learn how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide them.

Before we do so, it will be helpful to define what it means for one complex number to be equal to another complex number.

 

Definition — Equality of Complex Numbers

Two complex numbers are equal if their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal.

That is, a + bi = c + di if a = c and b = d.

Here, a, b, c, and d are real numbers.

Here are some examples:

3 + 5i = (7 - 4) + 5i since 3 = 7 - 4

8 + 2i = 8 + (1 + 1)i since 2 = 1 + 1

 

Note:

8 + 7i = 7i + 8 since the real part of each complex number is 8 and the imaginary part of each is 7.

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